This work aims to describe the Italian pilot study carried out within the frame of the H2020 D-NOSES project and discuss the opportunity to integrate different approaches in order to deal with complex situations. The pilot study was carried out in the municipal area between Castellanza, Marnate, and Olgiate Olona, where an odour problem has been lamented for years.
As a first step of the project, 4 industries were identified as potential odour sources: a chemical plant, the municipal WWTP, a textile and dyeing industry, and the WWTP connected to the dyeing industry. In order to monitor the odour problem, it was proposed to combine the application of the D-NOSES methodology with the “traditional” way involving olfactometric measurements and dispersion modelling, the latter being the approach foreseen by the Regional guideline. The comparison of the citizens’ observations and the model outcomes allowed to verify the compatibility of the odour observations with the emissions from the two WWTPs.
D-NOSES stands for Distributed Network for Odour Sensing, Empowerment and Sustainability. This 3 year-long project was supported by International Associations, experts in citizen science, odour and sustainability experts, local administrations and public bodies. The deliverables of this 
The Regional Council of Lombardy, Italy, published a D.C.R. (Deliberazione Consiglio Regionale) on the 28th of July 2020, for the funding of the development of a platform to implement a control and monitoring system for odorous inputs. The decision of the Regional Environmental Administration of Lombardia was taken after studying the results of the first successful project of mapping odours developed by the Italian Regional Environmental Administration of Marche.